A torrent with 30 seeders and 70 leechers (30% seeders) will go faster than one with 10 seeders and 90 leechers (10% seeders). ago. Leechers. A seeder is a person who has the entire file(s) on his computer, and is continuing to offer them for others do download. As a rule, make sure you see at. A single torrent can have multiple seeds, allowing downloaders to obtain pieces from different sources and increasing total speed. You're definitely overthinking it :P A seeder is simply a peer in the torrent swarm who happens to have 100% of the torrent data, that's it. Leecher (computing) In computing and specifically in Internet slang, a leech is one who benefits, usually deliberately, from others' information or effort but does not offer anything in return, or makes only token offerings in an attempt to avoid being called a leech. Most users actively torrenting are not considered solely leechers or seeders. Once a leech is satisfied with consumed blood, it will detach from its host. For. Seed and leecher are terms used in peer-to-peer file sharing to describe users’ status regarding a particular file. Leechers meaning: The term “leechers” refers to. When downloading, a client is called a leecher, because it leeches the file from others. When a user downloads some pieces, he then automatically starts uploading it. That's sort of how torrents work. inLeechers meaning: The term "leechers" refers to the users downloading the files. Choosing a torrent file with a high leecher-seeder ratio does not mean you will get faster download speeds all day. When you seed a torrent, you’re uploading a small portion of what you’ve downloaded. Leechers and peers are members of the swarm that haven't downloaded the entire torrent file yet. Leechers turn into seeders when the download is complete. Glossary of BitTorrent terms - Wikipedia. To put it another way, these are the people who upload the data. leechers (downloaders) also influences torrent download speed. Now for some reason the seeder crashes and disconnects. A file with 0 seeders can still be fully downloaded, as long as the combination of leechers have the full file. 3. However, as far as the pieces leechers have are concerned, these are available for download as well. There is absolutely no rule. Well, what better way to get to know the meaning of seeder to. Seeds are from the. Use a higher leecher ratio than seeders. Download the Torrent at the Right Time. IE. seeder (plural seeders) ( agriculture) A device used to plant seeds; a seed drill. A torrent with 30 seeders and 70 leechers (30\% seeders) will go faster than one with 10 seeders and 90 leechers (10\% seeders). A typical user. The most important is perhaps the number of seeders and leechers. I, for example, have that set to 5. A P2P network stands for peer-to-peer . A term for this is an economic traffic management (ETM), which is concerned with traffic management. What is a hit and run Leecher? Question Is it that, when you download a file via BitTorrent and after the download you end the seed immediately? Does that reduce the risk to get caught? Archived post. :P With public torrents you have to always assume cheater (and leecher) and cheater (and leecher) clients, and accept the possibility of fake peers being added by other things like sites (yes this is a thing). So, the seeders are sending the file data to the leechers. So, pick with one with the most seeders and fewest leechers, or the best ratio. The number in indicates that there are seeders (with 100% of content) and peers (with 0 to 99. You can be an active member of a P2P community without knowing many technical details. Seeder and leecher counts seem to count their occurrence in every tracker of the torrent, meaning that some are counted multiple times, leading to overestimated numbers. While he is downloading, the. Peers: Peers also known as leechers are the people who are still downloading the file and receiving the data. Paste in your tracker list. Seed e leecher são termos usados no compartilhamento de arquivos ponto a ponto para descrever o status dos usuários em relação a um arquivo específico. This changes when seedboxes come into play, due to their abnormally high upload speed, which can usually mean that one seeder using a seedbox can max out your. When downloading torrents, be sure to leave the file in your client after it has finished downloading so you. 3. Torrent indexers report the number of seeds/peers according to trackers. 3. But if you also have other leechers in your (peers) then you can download what they have too. Seeds are complete copies of a file while leechers are those who are downloading more than they are uploading 2. It’s the one which has a high number of both seeders and leechers. What is a Tracker? A BitTorrent tracker is a special type of server, one that assists in the communication between peers using the BitTorrent protocol. Only at Word Panda dictionarySeeders are the good guys, leechers are bad. A seed is someone who already downloaded the file loading it back up to other users. What Does Leeching Mean? A leecher is someone who downloads torrents without uploading. 20. A blog about Libraries, Librarians and Librarianship. Posted. 1. A leech, on the other hand, is a BitTorrent user who downloads the files shared by the seeds and does not seed back to other users. You need to use an actual torrent client to seed. • 1 yr. . simply put, with regards to bit torrent, to leech means to download. More seeds mean faster than downloads while more peers mean slower downloads. Leech means he has less than 100% of the file. Seeders are people giving out pieces of the file you're downloading, and leechers are downloading the files. This is because most. To understand the meaning of. A seeder is someone he has downloaded the entire file and is sharing it. A leecher becomes a seeder once the file is fully downloaded. So you can be forbidden to dwl new torrents before XX hours or simply download any torrent. tried changing VPN location and still didnt work, didnt fix it if i tried from. 5 of average speed. Click on ‘Properties’ and add trackers with an empty line between the trackers. Imagine it like this. hell guys ,first of all welcome to my channel. Seeders have a complete data and they upload the data at high speed and that helps others to complete the download faster. cc, Seeder machine, Seeder laravel, Seeder login, Seederdeboer, Seeder torrent, Seeders for sale, Seeders meaning, Seederal, Seederly mong funeral. But if you also have other leechers in your (peers) then you can download what they have too. A "leecher" in this context is anyone who is actively connected to the network, trying to download the torrent, but is not yet at 100%. You are not. 2. This is usually achieved by double-clicking on the file. Main Differences Between Seed and Leecher Seeds increase the download speed but leechers decrease the download speed. To help you when selecting a torrent to download, The Pirate Bay shows the number of seeders and leechers that exist about the same time. phoeniks. There are BT and PT. In other words, these are the people who are uploading the data. Users who have the entire file and are sharing it are referred to as “seeders. Switeck - Initial Seeding seems to be helpful as I'm often left being the only seeder. A seeder has the whole file, and leaves the torrent client running to help others filling in the blanks that other leechers might not have. The search result for the Joker is high, and its best seeder/leecher ratio is 1881:447. Seeding is the process of sharing or uploading a torrent in a torrent swarm. Seeds refer to the number of people who have downloaded the torrent in full and are helping you download the file (s) in question. The seed is also a term used to refer to the machine that has some part of a file. IIRC seeders are the people sharing the files and leechers are the. " Leech has two meanings. In other words, these are the people who are uploading the data. In the image above, the middle computer is acting as a seed to provide a file to the other computers which act as peers. 5k. DHT clients do not need tracker to operate, so it can download without any seeders, as seeders are reported by tracker itself. When you are downloading a torrent, you are a leecher. so,in this video i have explain what is torrent and what are seeds and leechers with full explanation. The process of seeding involves both uploading and downloading. If you really wanted your friend to get the file you should use a cloud source to store the file and they get the link and they can directly download the file when they have time. A leecher has either some or none of the files in a torrent. Highest seeder/leecher ratio for “Bad Boys For Life”: 14,256 /9,253; Highest seeder/leecher ratio for “Ozark”: 821/267; Highest seeder/leecher ratio for “Extraction”: 9208/8264; Go to Torrends. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing technology that allows users to download and upload files from and to other users. but often seeders are hidden from sites there are private seeders and decetralized linking protocols which allow seeds and peers to find each other directly so a torrent with 0 seeders might have seeders which are hidden from the site. Peer: A peer is someone downloading the file. SE is seeders, that is how many people already have the file and are sharing it with other like yourself. When you start downloading a file, you count as 1 leecher and 1 seeder on the tracker until it's finished downloading. Now Seeding usually is from multiple People or their computers. Check out the pronunciation, synonyms and grammar. Reply. An example of such a peer-to-peer software program is BitTorrent. In other words, these are the people who are uploading the data. Pirate bay is legit SWIM downloads shit 10 years old with 0 seed and 1 leech and it works fine. “Seeder”, “Leecher”, and “Peer” refer to how a P2P user behaves. Which is better seeders or leechers? The term “seeders” refers to users who have the complete file and are sharing it. Luckily, EZTV features an extensive list of TV shows, from older ones to popular and trending shows. I've downloaded torrents for years. Thus, their way of. Velocidad de velocidad Es importante mencionar que una. A seeder is someone who has 100% of the contents of a torrent. ”. ”. In Linux community there a few leechers but many seeders, this is how the torrents works. The same with peers, 39 available, but only connects with 6. The most important is perhaps the number of seeders and leechers. In economics, this type of behavior is called "free riding" and is associated. 1337x. but today they show up as 0 and its the same for everything for some reason. Seeders, Leechers e Peers. Re: Not finding peers and leechers. The more seeds mean that you can download files much faster since you have more sources to concurrently download from. What is Seeding? Torrenting works through something called peer-to-peer downloading. What Does Seed Mean? In BitTorrent sharing, a seed is a BitTorrent user who has 100% of a file and is sharing it for other BitTorrent users to download. The first seeder that responds that they have a given random block will begin. to. 1. lugua. If there are many leechers, I am currently going through this with PCLinux, the community does not work. . This means that the more seeders present per file, the quicker the file will download. Los clientes reportan información al rastreador periódicamente y, a cambio, reciben información sobre otros clientes a los que pueden conectarse. This tutorial will explain to you what these terms mean and when they are used. Seed is a person who has a torrent file open in their client (let’s say the same file you are trying to download) and the only difference between you and them is that. Find out all about Leecher 📙: meaning, pronunciation, synonyms, antonyms, origin, difficulty, usage index and more. 1. If there are significantly more leechers than seeders, you may be waiting a while for the file to. That is correct. A leech, on the other hand, is a BitTorrent user who downloads the files shared by the seeds and does not seed back to other users. The best VPN to use with this site is ExpressVPN — it supports torrenting on servers in 100. so,in this video i have explain what is torrent and what are seeds and leechers with full explanation. ) Friend(Leecher 1) has Books 1 and 2. When you are downloading a torrent, you are a leecher. Tayyaba Rehman. Basically they have the file on their pc or server, and we can download it from them, they "seed" it to us I guess. Individuals sharing files over torrent networks are grouped into 3 major categories: seeds, leeches and peers. Define seeder. ( Internet, file sharing) A person connected to a peer-to-peer network who has a complete or partial copy of a given file and makes it available for downloading. A leecher becomes a seeder once the file is fully downloaded. Leechers A leecher is any peer that does not have the entire file and is downloading the file. 10 Users (called. Or if it depends to. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Note that the bandwidth taken by seeds are mostly upstream so it doesn't make a great difference to download speeds which mainly depends on. Leechers are people who are still downloading the file and at the same time are uploading some of it though not as much as seeders. Take an example of how to pick the fasted The Hobbit 3 torrent with best SRL. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Quit qBittorrent and turn on your VPN. If the torrent job is stopped, and bt. Right-click on the torrent you are downloading in uTorrent. qBitTorrent counts as peers ANY ip address ever seen, reported, or "rumored" to be on that torrent -- this can include peers that are now seeds and even get counted as both. When the file of the leechers downloads 100% and still they don’t remove it from uploading, then they become seeds. ) its work is over and it's upto the clients to negotiate with each other. All seeders generated by the framework will be placed in the database/seeders directory: php artisan make:seeder UserSeeder. Established Members. In the example below, uTorrent shows 11 seeders available, but only connects with 5. Glossary of BitTorrent terms - Wikipedia. 2. Seeds vs Leechers Seeding and leeching are two activities that are connected with P2P file sharing via torrents. So trackers can set share ratios to "block" pure leechers who dont share back. Leechers are literally parasites feeding off of. For this test, don't use your VPN. If you’re a leecher, you’ll probably have trouble finding a good swarm to join. 99 (1 or higher) you will be able to get all the content of that torrent. 1; noun seeder a plant that produces many. Seed と Leecher: 違いと比較. 2. Click “OK” to save your changes. Then when 10 leechers complete their downloads but leave the torrent connected, then there will be 40 leechers and 50 seeders. But all zeroes is not normal and will be fixed. Right now, you're just using bittorrent-tracker which just tells the tracker server that you're a seeder, but doesn't actually contain any code to send files to peers, and in fact, doesn't even listen on any ports. There was only one seeder when I. With no seeders, there's no guarantee that 100% of the download is available. seeder synonyms, seeder pronunciation, seeder translation, English dictionary definition of seeder. 3. Sometime, the number of seeders doesn’t matter. Leechers meaning: The term "leechers" refers to the users downloading the files. SE is seeders, that is how many people already have the file and are sharing it with other like yourself. That is not a requirement to be a seeder. If there are no seeders, the torrent will certainly die, and no more people can download the total amount of parts. As you download the files from the torrent, data is coming to your computer from other users. A leecher has either some or none of the files in a torrent. So, the seeders are sending the file data to the leechers. I have a couple torrents that I still seed that are quite old just to support the torrent and allow other people the ability to download it still. The number of seeds and leechers on a given torrent can affect the speed that you can get when downloading a file. This indicates a faster speed compared to the 10kbps for the initial downloaders. Now after a day i see the leecher have completed to 0,5%. Índice. Leechers The term "seeders" refers to users who have the complete file and are. 19. 10-1. Seorang Seeder adalah orang yang file-nya kita download sob. AFAIK after the tracker has made the hand-shakes with both the clients (as a broker in-between the number of seeders vis-a-vis the leecher the rest is to the individual clients. Download movies in High definition quality; Download games from any region and of all types; Details about the torrent files are availableThe initial sharing must guarantee that the content is distributed through many peers and long enough that it could live without its initial seeder— this is referred to as torrent’s health. If the amount of leechers far outweighs the amount of seeders, you will experience a slow download. Avoid Zero-leech torrent. If a you are downloading a file and it has no seeders then there is a good chance you'll never be able to complete the download. The role of a Seed in a P2P network is crucial for the health of that network. stay close ; stick like a leech ; not to leave out of sight ;. Pirate bay is legit SWIM downloads shit 10 years old with 0 seed and 1 leech and it works fine. This problem is addressed in [3] which proposes a packet management system for fairness. Semakin banyak seeder, semakin kencang kecepatan pengunduhan. Pretty sure this is an issue with all public torrent sites , too much activity its kinda hard to keep em updated which is contrary to private trackers. The seeder will send out part 1 to person A, part 2 to person B, part 3 to person C and part 4 to person D, then part 5 to person A, part 6 to person B, part 7 to person C and part 8 to person D. 0. There is also the chance that there are no seeds now but there are seeds sometimes (not everyone runs their torrents 24/7). Observate if you can seed correctly. Seeders are those who completed the torrent download and have now become sources for downloading. . Seeders to Leechers?A higher number of Seeders and less number of Leechers is a good situation. Files with seeders less than that may or may not complete or will take a ridiculously long time to download. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. 8. A seed is a complete copy of a file from which other users can download. Author. Seeds have 100% of all pieces by definition. Pretty sure this is an issue with all public torrent sites , too much activity its kinda hard to keep em updated which is contrary to private trackers. Leechers : 0 is the amount of leechers at this moment. But there are many other ways that you can try. How do I find out if a peer I'm connected to is a seeder or a leecher? I was thinking about evaluating the download/upload ratio, but somebody suggested me that it is a better idea if I check the peer's bitfield (if the peer is a seeder then the bitfield should be all equal to 1). However, it get confusing when you compare swarms of different sizes. Plus le nombre de seeders est élevé, plus le téléchargement est rapide et inversement s’il n’y a pas beaucoup de seeders. ) But here, a leecher is part of the network and is uploading as well, many times more KB than. Say you want to Read all 5 Game of Thrones Books but the Library and all bookstores are closed(the seeder since they have all 5. Follow the install instructions. edit: Answer - leecher will connect to whichever seeder able to deliver fastest in combination of available bandwidth & latency. Avoiding torrents that have a lot of. The term “leechers” refers to the users who are downloading the files. If the seeder to leecher ratio is bad (aka worse than 1:2 or 1:3) then it can be slow. 4. Leechers only have bits and pieces of the whole file. This might be because they don't have any complete parts of the file or have turned off uploading. Chúng cũng có những tác động khác nhau đối với các tệp torrent. Seeder to leecher ratio data will be shown on every torrent download page right under the title. A file with 0 seeders can still be fully downloaded, as long as the combination of leechers have the full file. The term “leechers” refers to the users who are downloading the files. Business, Economics, and Finance. The chain goes on. 3. It is possible to use generic IP's to pose as seeders and leechers hoping to get people for just that thought process. Seeds help in distributing files more efficiently by. What are seeders and leechers in torrenting? In torrenting, a “seeder” is the name for a peer on the P2P network who has the completed file for a torrent and is continuing to share that file. ”. When there are more leechers than seeders to a recently added file, the more bits and pieces you’ll be able to share with the community. Seeders meaning: The term “seeders” refers to users who have the complete file and are sharing it. In general, the more seeds, the better, as this gives you more. ”. The term "leecher" is often used in a derogatory sense to refer to users who shut down the torrent as soon as it finishes downloading. and it is the seeder. This might be because they don't have any complete parts of the file or have turned off uploading. An implement used to remove the seeds from fruit etc. Business, Economics, and Finance. Click “Ignore Rules. A seed is someone who has 100% of the file and is uploading it. 8 imposes you must upload 0. Adjust client download and upload limit. Finding the torrent file. Hola a todos, En la sociedad virtual se ha puesto muy de moda, especialmente en las redes de punto a punto (p2p) hablar sobre "seeders and leechers," como aquellos usuarios que comparten archivos y aquellos que descargan pero que no comparten, respectivamente. , few people are sharing the file), you may experience buffering, or. They're leeching off of the Seeders. Jan 20, 2022Lyrics, Meaning & Videos: 21 Minutes of Disagreement, Floating Timeslip, Reading The Soul Gauge, Scenery of Blurred Edges, The Seeder The Leecher, Expanding Wearth, Inneridge, One Key, Ten Locks, Elevated Labyrinth, Clear Conscience, Looking One Way, Rowing. June 13, 2023. For public trackers, ie the stuff you dont need to log into (TPB, 1337x, RARBG, Limetorrents etc) you dont have to worry about your ratio and needing to seed, especially the popular torrents. Seeding is encouraged while leeching is discouraged. Without them, a file would not be able to be downloaded by others. Yes it does and because some people still seed those random torrents or else they would he dead. - When downlaoding keep the speed Low. A leecher is someone who has less than 100% of the contents of a torrent. Yes it is important to seed 1 to 1. Go on series where not all epsiodes are downloaded and click interactive search with a nyaa indexer. How does seeding work? Once you have enough of the file to become a seeder for it, you. A leech. Leechers turn into seeders when the download is complete. Leechers If a user starts sharing a file that he. The higher the SLR is, the faster the torrent download speed will be. In the context of many private trackers, a leecher is anyone who hasn't seeded back as much as they've downloaded; whether they've finished downloading the torrent or not. A leecher is a person who only has part of the file(s), and is still downloading the rest. In a swarm, there can be both seeders and leechers. I'm. This will exclude all files from being seeded. Seeder and leecher counts are actively online. In this image we can see a detail of the connections: In addition, my connection is optical fiber, high speed, I configured properly uTorrent not to limit the number of downloads, nor speed. Verifies the. All the torrent files contain the necessary details like the file size, seeder and leechers ratio, uploading time, and the name of the person who uploaded the file. How to use leech in a sentence. Am I still able to download a file when the I see 0 seeders 0 leechers? If the number of leechers is larger than the number of seeders can I still download? If the number of leechers is high does that mean that downloading will be slower? Thanks. Lorsque l’un d’entre eux possède l’intégralité d’un fichier et le met à disposition sur le réseau P2P, on dit qu’il s’agit d’un seeder. Leechers only have bits and pieces of the whole file. I visited the pirate bay yesterday and looked at some files i wanted to download and i could see the seeder/leecher numbers then. For example, now Im downloading and showed seeder stats are 2 (1) and peers 2 (1) (tracker shows 2 seeders and 4 leechers in web-page). Seeders are users who have downloaded the content and continue to upload or “seed” it to others, while leechers are users who are actively downloading. Click on pic to enlarge it:Open the . More seeders compared to leechers mean faster downloads for everyone. Files are downloaded in pieces. ダウンロード速度とダウンロード データは、ファイルを処理する個人またはファイルを処理するコンピュータ システムに常に依存します。. So, pick with one with the most seeders and fewest leechers, or the best ratio. In other words, these are the people who are uploading the data. Compared with seeders, leechers provide poor share ratio. Seeders share the file with peers but do not download any parts of the file from others. A seed is a user with a complete copy of the file. Synonym Discussion of Leech. If you really want to improve your ratio then you want to work with files that have as few seeders as possible. ”. Seeder and leecher number appears as 0 on The Pirate Bay. Leechers are people who are downloading the file still, ergo making your download slower ( when in the higher number). As nouns the difference between torrent and leecher is that torrent is a violent flow, as of water, lava, etc; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice or torrent can be (internet|file sharing) a set of files obtainable through a. There is. Sometimes you may encounter slow download speed while downloading torrent files, and that’s because of a low number of seeds. eurlex-diff-2018-06-20. This means that the faster the file downloads, the more seeders are present per file. Podemos dizer que um usuário é um leech se ele tem entre 0,1% e 99,9% do arquivo em. Correct me if I'm wrong, but my understanding is if it is 99% Hit&Run, then 99% of leechers delete the torrent after downloading and don't seed. Seeder/Leecher Ratio: It’s important to know the seeder/leecher ratio before torrenting because torrent files with more seeders tend to download faster. It will then connect you to those users and begin downloading and piecing together the file. English Etymology. How To Use “Leecher” In A Sentence “Leecher” is a term commonly used in the world of peer-to-peer file sharing. 3. 0. 1) A considerable number of seeders, with fewer numbers of leechers. The more seeders there are, the better – that means the file is more likely to be available and downloaded quickly. This means their average seedtime is under an hour and many of them were under five minutes seeding. A torrent with 30 seeders and 70 leechers (30% seeders) will go faster than one with 10 seeders and 90 leechers (10% seeders). “Seeder”, “Leecher”, and “Peer” refer to how a P2P user behaves. This is because there is a ratio of one to one per seeder and leecher. Hi. You're definitely overthinking it :P A seeder is simply a peer in the torrent swarm who happens to have 100% of the torrent data, that's. Use trustworthy torrent sites. In computing, and specifically peer-to-peer file sharing, seeding is the uploading of already downloaded content for others to download from. This video at start does the recap about how torrent system works and next it explains the difference between seeders leecher and peers. That is why you probably aren't connected to seeders, their slots are probably already full. A peer, a computer that is connected to the network, becomes a seed when having acquired the entire set of data, it begins to offer its upload bandwidth to other peers attempting to download the file. What does being a leecher mean? In computing and specifically in Internet slang, a leech is one who benefits, usually deliberately, from others’ information or. Seeder and leechers definition In BitTorrent sharing, a seed is a BitTorrent user who has 100% of a file and is sharing it for other BitTorrent users to download. Margaret Rouse Technology Expert Last updated: 5 January, 2015 Disclosure What Does Seed Mean? In BitTorrent sharing, a seed is a BitTorrent user who has. So only 5 people can download from a torrent that I'm seeding at a time. Click “OK” to save your changes. You can get both new and old films in high definition. A leecher normally means someone who downloads without uploading (takes but does not give. CryptoThe more is the number of seeders, the healthier your torrent will be. Seeders share the file with peers but do not download any parts of the file from others. Leechers don't have a complete copy yet and are in the process of downloading it. Overworld. For example 1393538 has 3 seeders according to nyaa, but. Whereas torrent leechers hinder a given file (or files) from distribution by downloading without uploading, a leecher in a giveaway site only receives gifts. Peers who do not remove the file after downloading it becomes seeders. Random seed. 4 million monthly visitors, it’s super difficult to sign up for the site. * Có thể hiểu nếu số seeder càng đông thì torrent có tốc độ càng cao. A person who seeds clouds in order to make it rain (Internet, file sharing) A person connected to a peer-to-peer network who has a complete or partial copy of a given file and makes it. As for the Seeders, Seeds or seeds we. Make sure you use a VPN provider while using this site for downloading your favorite torrent file. Here’s the best torrent site & VPN to stay safe while torrenting in 2023: RARBG is the best torrent site since it has tons of popular TV shows, movies, and video games, most of the torrents have enough seeders, and all torrents are verified. Leeching, however, means downloading the content from a peer (it could be another leecher or seeder). Basically, it's best to look for high seeders and low leechers. In qBittorrent, there is an option for number of upload slots per torrent. Peer là gì? * Hiểu đơn giản seed là up, leech là down. Seeders vs. In order to be considered a “peer” on a torrent, a user has to be both seeding and leeching.